Abstract
Success in root canal treatment depends on the proper application of all proce-
dures of root canal treatment. This wholistic approach includes leakproof crown
restoration, following ideal instrumentation, irrigation and hermetic obturation.
Therefore, the first step of root canal treatment begins with understanding the
tooth morphology in detail. The teeth vary according to their localization at the jaws
and the gender and race of people. Detection of the extra canals, canal curvatures,
isthmuses and lateral and accessory canals plays an important role in the success
of root canal treatment. With all this, the academic knowledge and proficiency
of the dentist and/or endodontist enable tooth morphology to be more clearly
understandable.
Keywords
Tooth morphology, root canal morphology, dental anatomy,
technologic devices, illumination and magnification system
Introduction
Understanding the anatomy of the root canal system is essential for a success-
ful root canal treatment. Complexity of root canals depends on reasons such as
ethnicity, gender, age, the existence of lateral/accessory canals, isthmuses, the
location of the teeth at the jaws and anomalies of the teeth (dens invaginatus,
dens evaginatus, fusion, gemination, dens in dente). Besides all of these, some
physiological alterations occur in enamel and dentin with age. Mineralization of
dentin results in calcification of dentinal tubules; thus, dentin becomes sclerotic.
Several difficulties occur during root canal treatment in such cases. The utiliza-
tion of novel technologic equipments for magnification and lightning of the root
canal system like dental microscope, loupe, radiographic visualization systems
and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry enlightens endodontic
treatment
Maxillary incisor teeth
Maxillary central teeth have one root and one main canal [2]. Rarely, at 6% rate
one canal of maxillary central teeth is divided into two parts at the apical foramina
